Litigation Process

November 6, 2010

What Are Depositions?

My lawyer says I have to give a deposition. What is that?

Depositions are sworn statements taken from a party or witness in a lawsuit and they are often part of the discovery process. The person giving the statement is called the deponent. At the beginning of the deposition the deponent is asked to swear or affirm that the statement will be truthful. The deposition is taken by a lawyer asking questions of the deponent.

“Proof” depositions are taken and presented at trial as evidence in lieu of having the witness testify in person. A “proof” deposition may be taken for the convenience of the witness who cannot otherwise appear in person at trial or as a cost saving mechanism to avoid the expense of bringing the witness to testify live at trial. In Tennessee certain people, such as doctors, are not required to come to trial to testify about their care and treatment of a patient who has brought a lawsuit and thus they testify at trial via a proof deposition.

November 5, 2010

Bankruptcy and Filing of Personal Injury or Wrongful Death Claims

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I was hurt in a car wreck six months ago. I lost my job and my medical bills are enormous. I am behind on my mortgage and have been unable to make my car payments. Should I file bankruptcy, get my financial house in order, and then file a lawsuit against the trucking company? I want to be able to get rid of all this debt and be able to keep whatever money I recover in the lawsuit to meet my needs for the rest of my life.

There is a major problem with your plan. When you file for bankruptcy you are asked to answer questions under oath about your assets and liabilities. One of the questions you will be asked is whether you have any claims against another person or entity. Thus, you will have to tell the Bankruptcy Court that you have a claim pending against the driver of the other car. This is true even though you have not filed a lawsuit – you still are considered to have a claim pending that must be disclosed to the Court.

When you tell the Bankruptcy Court that you have a claim pending that fact will be taken into account in determining whether you are a candidate for bankruptcy and what amount should be paid to your creditors. As I explained in a prior post, you will also lose significant control over the progression of your case.

November 4, 2010

Can A Mother Who Did Not Pay Child Support Recover Money When Her Child Gets Killed in a Truck Accident?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

My child was killed by a drunk driver. He was 10 years old. I want to file a lawsuit. His no-good mother, who never paid child support as ordered by the court and did not visit my son for the for the six year period after our divorce, says she is going to file a lawsuit, too. Can she do that? Does Tennessee law permit her to get money from the death of our son when she had nothing to do with our son when he was alive?

Unless you have some physical or mental health issue that you have not mentioned, you will have the right to bring the lawsuit.

Tennessee law provides that a parent who has a parent who has intentionally refused or neglected to pay any support for a child for a two-year period, or for the life of the child, whichever is less, when subject to a court order requiring the payment of child support and who has intentionally refused or neglected to contact the child or exercise visitation during such period is not permitted to recover damages for the death of the child. Thus, to cut off the mother’s right to money out of any recovery you make, you will have to demonstrate that (a) there was a child support order; (b) the mother intentionally did not pay for at least 2 years; and (c) he intentionally did not visit the child.

November 2, 2010

What Are Motions in Limine?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

My husband and I have a trial in Lebanon, Tennessee next month. Our lawyer said that the other side filed motions in limine. What does that mean?

"Motions in limine" are papers filed with the court asking the court to reach a pre-trial ruling on certain matters, usually evidence issues. For example, if I am representing a person who was convicted of a crime 15 years ago and now has a trial in a car wreck case I will probably file a motion in limine asking the court not to let our opponent mention the prior criminal conviction. This motion in limine gives the judge the opportunity to rule on the issue before the jury has any chance of hearing about it.

The judge does not have to reach a decision on any motion in limine before trial.

November 1, 2010

How Many Jurors Do I Need to Win?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I have a personal injury case going to try in Cookeville, TN next month. How many jurors need to vote for me for me to win?

You will probably have a 12-person jury. That is the typical number of jurors in a civil jury trial in Tennessee. You and your opponent may agree to a lesser number of jurors, but you will almost certainly have 12 jurors (and one or more alternate jurors) hear the case.

All twelve jurors must vote for you for you to win the case. Some states permit a lesser number (10 of 12, 9 of 12) but in Tennessee the jury verdict must be unanimous unless the parties to the lawsuit agree on that the verdict may be something other than a unanimous verdict. For obvious reasons, the defense will rarely agree to such a proposal.

October 22, 2010

I Don’t Want to Answer Interrogatories!

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I am in the middle of a lawsuit and my lawyer just sent me a mess of interrogatories that she says I have to answer. I don’t want to answer these questions – the information is none of their business. What happens if I don’t answer them?

Interrogatories are written questions sent from one party in a lawsuit to an opposing party about issues related to the lawsuit. For example, in a lawsuit arising from a motor vehicle collision, each driver may send interrogatories to the other ask for driving histories, including whether the opposing driver has ever received a driving citation. The party responding to interrogatories must sign a statement swearing or affirming that the responses to the interrogatories are true.

If you don’t answer the interrogatories, your opponent can go to court and get an order requiring you to answer them. You might be forced to pay the legal fees incurred by your opponent to obtain this court order. If you don’t comply with the court order you can face more fees and, in fact, you risk having your case dismissed.

October 21, 2010

Can I Make the Other Driver Responsible for My Medical Bills for Life?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I was hurt in a car wreck. My back and leg were injuried. I don’t need surgery right now but who knows what will happen 10 years from now. Can I settle my case for my medical bills, my lost wages, and my pain and suffering and an agreement that the at-fault driver will pay my future medical bills if I have any?

You can try, but in 29 years as a lawyer I have never seen the argument work. If the at-fault driver’s insurance company believes that its driver is at fault and they want to settle the case, they want to settle all personal injury-related claims at one time. (They will usually settle property damage claims seperately.) They will not agree to leave open the issue of future medical expenses.

Thus, if a doctor says you will probably need a future surgery because of the injuries you sustained in the wreck, the cost of that surgery and related damages can be part of settlement negotiations. If the doctor says that future surgery is possible, then the amount of the possible surgery cannot be included. If there is a trial, the court will allow testimony only on whether a future surgery is probable and, if a doctor says it is, then the court will allow presentation of evidence on the cost of the surgery and related damages.

October 20, 2010

Why Do I Have To Sign My Name When I Answer Interrogatories?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I am involved in a lawsuit and had to answer interrogatories. Why did I have to go to the trouble of signing my name to my answers in the presence of a notary public?

As you know, Interrogatories are written questions sent from one party in a lawsuit to an opposing party about issues related to the lawsuit. For example, in a lawsuit arising from a motor vehicle collision, each driver may send interrogatories to the other ask for driving histories, including whether the opposing driver has ever received a driving citation. The party responding to interrogatories must sign a statement swearing or affirming that the responses to the interrogatories are true.

The reason the signature under oath is required is because answers to interrogatories are deemed to be the equivalent of testimony under oath at trial. As they say, what you say (or don’t say) in response to the questions asked can be used against you in a court of law. The signature under oath reinforces the truth-telling requirement, and the signature in the presence of a notary public makes it virtually impossible for someone to say that the signature on the answers is not genuine.

October 18, 2010

I Might Need Surgery!

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I was hurt in a boating accident. It was the other guy’s fault. The doctor said that as I result of my injuries I might need knee surgery one day. Can I recover damages for the cost of that surgery?

You can recover damages for a future surgery only if a doctor says it is reasonably likely to occur. If the surgery is merely possible or might happen, the law of Tennessee does not permit you to ask a judge or jury to award damages for the cost of that surgery.

October 15, 2010

What Is The Likelihood My Case Will Go to Trial?

by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

I have a personal injury case pending in state court in Tennessee. What are the odds that my case will go to trial?

These statistics will give you an idea of how many cases are actually tried. In the one-year period ending June 30, 2009, there were about 11,000 lawsuits filed involving all types of personal injury and wrongful death in the state of Tennessee. (Many other cases were settled before a lawsuit was even filed; those numbers are not publicly available.) However, there were only 260 jury trials and 348 non-jury trials in personal injury and wrongful death cases during that same period. These statistics are about the same from year to year, and thus it is fair to say that only about 5% percent of personal injury and wrongful death cases in which lawsuits are filed actually go to trial.

It is difficult to predict, however, whether any particular case will settle. Our experience is that a case is more likely to settle at a higher dollar value if the insurance company (a) sees that the case has been prepare for trial and (b) has been appropriately prepared by lawyers who it knows are not afraid to go to trial. Thus, our office prepares all cases as if the case is going to be tried. Quite frankly, this means we invest more time and money into cases than many other lawyers, but we believe that this approach leads to better results for our clients.